Short essays on Harriet Jacobs and Fredrick Douglass

Short essays on Harriet Jacobs and Fredrick Douglass By Lee A. Zito1.Harriet Jacobs pulished under the psuedonym, Linda Brent. With pseudonyms she was able to protect herself, and the people within her book. If she had used her real name, it might have caused a huge controversy during the period in which she wrote. Jacobs had many anxieties on publishing her story. First of all her story was very personal, sharing your personal life with the masses can be very nerve wrecking. Second of all Jacobs was an ex-slave. She feared that this could influence readers, damaging her career as a writer, or even endanger her life.When It came to feminism, Jacobs was ahead of her time. During the nineteenth century, the unspoken feminine code included piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. To Jacobs, these were absolutely impossible to follow. She had her own ideas about true womanhood, to which fought against sexual harrasment, exploitation, and suppression.English: The four remaining towers of the Fredrick...2.Slave narratives recast the Am erican ideal of the "self-made man" to African Americans, because it is easier for both to relate to eachother. When you are reading something that you relate with, it is easier to understand where the author is coming from, because you too have been their before. For instance, Fredrick Douglass built onto and transformed the legacy of Benjamin Franklin, who's auidience was primarily white men like himself. Fredrick Douglass was able to take Franklin's virtuous feelings and ideas of humanity, but include the African American race as well.3. Harriet Jacobs and Fredrick Douglass both share a relationship within their stories. Both authors had to fight the same fight, in escaping from lives of slavery. Jacobs may have borrowed and modified some of Douglass' conventions in her story, she does this to include to women as well. Jacobs, having a double predjudice...

Value of an education essays

Value of an education essays The Value of an Education at Old Dominion University All my life I have dreamed about my graduation from high school and furthering my education in college. Coming from a family that stresses the value of education and demands high educational standards, it has always been my belief that education is one of the most valuable tools a person can possess. I have spent the past four years considering my future, establishing goals and knowing that the only way to achieve those goals is through continuing my education. I believe that a quality education is required for success. Therefore, attending Old Dominion would be a great honor and I know my dreams of completing a degree will be fulfilled. I have been reminded of the value of education all my life. My father, a retired Naval Officer, attended the University of Minnesota and the Naval Post-Graduate School and received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Biology and a Master of Science Degree in Oceanography. He has supported me and been my mentor through my schooling years. I have seen through him how much you can benefit from an education. Throughout my years of schooling, I have always desired to attain the maximum knowledge available. I always endeavored to put all my effort into a class. I believe you learn something new and valuable everyday. Even now, I still benefit from information taught to me in elementary school. Learning has always been my way of life. By attending Old Dominion, I can achieve what I have been hoping for my whole life. A degree from Old Dominion will enable me to pursue a career with confidence and achieve the goals I have set for myself. I will posses the necessary tools to compete in a highly competitive and demanding workforce. I know the professors at Old Dominion are excellent and will provide me with the skills I need to succeed. Old Dominion is the only college to which I am applying. It has always been my primary choice. ...

Child Protective Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child Protective Services - Essay Example Arguments from both sides will then help the audience reach a conclusion on their own. Running through a brief history of CPS, 1655 was the first time a criminal case was brought up against child abuse in the courts of what is now the United States of America. In 1825, states made laws etched in their law books to protect the rights of children and granting the authority to several agencies to remove children from the custody of parents and guardians who deemed unfit to perform the parental role (Thomas, 295). By 1974, 49 U.S States had passed the law, hence the federal government moved quickly to pass the federal â€Å"Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act† (CAPTA) (Pecora et al, 232). This act was actually the last calling to establish the CPS which started functioning with proper rules and policies by the end of 1974. Thesis CPS is an essential part of the current society in the modern world; it should be made a strong agency with the proper backing of law enforcement ag encies so it is a reckoning force against those who tackle with the future of our young generation. A lot of voices have been raised against the CPS and its services but every establishment has its flaws, so does the CPS. As the number of cases reported in a year on a rise each year, more efforts have to be made for securing the future of our country. Arguments are that the program should be downsized because of its inability to do its job efficiently. However, the actual requirement now lies with the government to properly fund the program so no child goes unattended because the workers are not being able to attend to every child abuse report being filed with them. Support A variety of important people in the social service circles have been calling out for reforms or betterment for the system in place. Some even dare to propose the calling off of the CPS as they believe that it is not meeting the desired goals, across the nation. Abuse and neglect in children is still prevalent; t he system has loopholes through which parents and foster care givers are benefitting, covering their deeds by the noble act of performing their responsibility, key word being ‘act’. Every coin has two faces; both are different, almost opposites. American sentiment toward residential placement for troubled youths is increasingly suspicious, pessimistic, and even hostile. Yet many families are too dysfunctional to warrant keeping their youth at home and alternatives are scarce. Foster families are simply unavailable for many of the estimated 840,000 children who will require out-of-home placement by 1995. The most empirically supported criticism of residential placement is its limited positive influence on post placement problems such as delinquency (Pecora et al., 1992). Children are living on the roads because their parents are too poor or too intoxicated to even know their own identity, let alone take care of their children. Also the issue of child abuse is one which w ill have calamitous effect on the future generations. The only hope for the distressed children is the CPS. They take the children under their umbrella and place them with willing and caring families; families, who have taken up the added responsibility on their shoulders to provide care and affection to the children who did not have the same environment to grow in. It is a dangerous world for un-protected children out there;

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 50

Personal Statement Example During his tenure, he gained a vast experience in management and decided to launch his corporation that specialized in home appliances where he was the director. As a teenager, I worked with him in the corporation and incessantly acquired expertise and proficiency in management of security systems. For a duration of circa 2 years, starting 1st January 2008 to 6th November 2010, I was a system security officer for all branches of the establishment where I learned a lot from regular exchanges with customers. The aim of my job is to protect information from hackers and theft. I believe that the security of information is of vital prominence in the contemporary tech-savvy society. My desire to partake CIS is further bolstered by my ability to effectively undertake simple tasks such as word processing as well as fairly multifaceted tasks including administration of Linux web servers. Given a chance, I would use my interest and the skill that I will acquire from the course to contribute towards the betterment of our society and plummet or completely eliminate the huge number of hacking cases that have frustrated the effective functioning of businesses. Although I am currently enrolled in my University, I would like to transfer to this University and use my government’s scholarship to complete CIS. My decision is informed by the indisputable fact that the University’s reputation, academic staff, research facilities, prospects of its graduates landing a job are above par. What’s more, the University’s study plan is compatible with specialization in CIS, a factor that will empower me to develop personal skills, serve society, and reconnoiter other aspects of the specialty. As an international student, I can communicate fluently within and without the study environment. Thus, I will be able to cooperate with groups in accomplishing my personal goals and the University’s goals. Moreover, my aptitude to communicate will be

Teacher Career Essay Example for Free

Teacher Career Essay When I was five, my mom asked me what do you want to be when you grow up. My answers were Batman, hero or Red Ranger. Then when I was ten she asked again; I answered rock stars or cowboy. Now that I have grown up, she wanted a serious answer. Finally, I could tell her that I want to be a teacher, possibly as a math teacher. It was very hard time for me to think about this decision about the career in teaching. There is a lot of work that goes into becoming a high school teacher. It required a variety of skills and aptitudes including working with children, but I am willing and ready to accept that challenge. â€Å"Education is the job that has a number of requirements. As a teacher you have to be organizational, administrative, recordkeeping abilities; research communication skills; the power to influence, motivate, and train others; patience; creative†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Michael Farr from â€Å"Professional and Related Occupations†, American’s top Jobs for College Graduates. Indianapolis: JIST Works, 2001). Math play important role in life. This is why I would like to become a math teacher. The reason this career interesting me is because I have a lot of experience from what I learned in both of my countries. The first is that teaching, like other professions, utilizes a specialized body of knowledge and translated into lessons for the students at a level they can understand. Second, teaching places emphasis on the decision making which I have to plan lessons by minding goals, objectives and furthermore how my teaching to the students will match their life. Student have to know the reason why they learn math whether they realized it or not. For examples, shoppers use math to calculate change, tax, and sales prices. Cooks use math to modify the amount a recipe will make. Vacationers use math to find time of arrivals and departures to plan their trips†¦ Finally, I’m really respecting the views of the students even if these differ from their own personal views, not embarrassing students, also dealing with those who cheat during the exams. â€Å"Everyone at one time or another believes that the children are the future. The youth stands in front of the door to the future and knowledge is the key. Without this knowledge, the world would be without a future. †(Gilmore, Dorothy. America Federation of Teachers:555 New Jerseys Avenue, 2001). In Vietnam, we say that children are the symbol of little seeds as teachers are the farmers. When a farmer watering into the seeds, they will grow and becoming so many king different trees. I want to be that farmer to take care of my students. I have a passion working with kids, this is why I would like to be there for the ones that want to give up, show them there’s always someone who believes in them and will be there to help them on any possible way. I realized that I also like helping other people learn math, especially those that struggle with it or those who have a disliking for it. As a teacher, I will be able to fulfill my aspirations; both my students and I will learn together. I believe everyone has the capacity and opportunity to be successful in like. I think that having the passion in working with kids/youth makes communication easier such as educational and friendly. I also have a good sense of humor is one of those traits that will help my students become more comfortable and it grabs their attention. There will not any pressure or violent in my classroom. â€Å"A teacher generally works between 175 and 180 days for a school year. Also, beginning salaries for secondary school teacher can range from $26, 598 to $27, 896 per year. † (Brendon, Stuart. Top 100 Careers. Chicago: Chicago Board of Education, 2002. ) In teaching, the disadvantages are more than advantages: low salaries relative to the work, teaching large classrooms, small school budgets But it doesn’t matter to me. I still want to be a teacher. It is a stable job! I don’t care so much about the salary because in every month though it is not very high. Therefore my life will not be affected by the change of economy. As a teacher, I can get respected by everybody. No matter how famous a person has become, students will never ignore their teacher. It feels good knowing I am able to help and guide someone through not only schoolwork but also life, as is true with young people. Being needed by young people gives me that desire to put forth-extra effort during each day and really giving them something to look forward to. My chosen career path has been an ongoing source of personal inspiration and growth. It helps me to define who I am and what I am about. It helps guide me through my life and provides a safe hold as I weather the storms of life. My career teaches me of my love teaching and how important education is to everyone. I want to teach them what I have been go through. There is no word to describe how happiness I am when my students get good grades in my class. The rewards I have received from my career have been so plentiful that they continue to fuel my desire to reach my ultimate mission. My intent to become a source of inspiration for others, helping to give back the guidance that others have provided for me.

The Traditional Interpretation Refuted :: Philosophy Literature Papers

The Traditional Interpretation Refuted The psychology of Aristotle has never been understood in a historically correct way. A new interpretation of the De anima will be proposed in which this work can be seen as compatible with the psychology that can be reconstructed from the fragments of Aristotle's lost dialogues and the De motu animalium and other biological works (in which the notions of pneuma and 'vital heat' play a crucial role) and the doxographical data gathered from ancient writers besides the commentators. In De anima, II, 412b5, where psychà ¨ is defined as 'the first entelecheia of a natural body that is organikon,' the words 'natural body' should not be taken to mean 'the body of a living plant, animal or human being' but to stand for 'elementary body.' And the qualification 'organikon' should not be understood as 'equipped with organs' (as it always has) but in the sense of 'serving as an instrument to the soul.' This 'instrumental body' that is inseparably connected with the soul is the seat of desire (o rexis), which physically influences the parts of the visible body. Besides those two corrections there are the words ta merà ¨ in 412b18 that should be taken as meaning not 'parts of the body' but 'parts of the soul.' Aristotle is arguing there that even those parts of the soul that are not yet actualized in the embryo of a new living being can be said to be 'not without body.' Do we really know Aristotle's psychology? This question may sound strange at first, since we have a famous book by Aristotle which is called On the soul and we possess quite a bit of information about a lost dialogue, the Eudemus, which was also subtitled On the soul. Yet I propose to argue that Aristotle's psychology has remained unknown up till now. And this is because since the third century AD the text of his extant work De anima has been interpreted in a way that runs completely counter to Aristotle's intentions. What has been held to be Aristotle's psychology is the result of the interpretation of his work put forward by Alexander of Aphrodisias in the third century AD.(1) The situation is comparable with the imaginary situation that Plato's oeuvre had been lost except for his Parmenides and that we only possessed the information of Plotinus for a reconstruction of Plato's thought. To make a convincing case for this revolutionary theory, I will argue three propositions.

Public, Private and Mixed Goods

Goods are tangiable items which satisfy human wants and needs. Humans find them important and desirable so they make efforts to acquire them. In modern economies goods are classified into three main categories namely,1. pure private goods 2. pure public goods 3. mixed(quasi/public) goods and they are outlined in the passage below. Pure private goods These are all the goods produced by private companies whose aim is to make a profit and they are used exclusively for the satisfaction of private needs for example food,clothing and property.They are not free goods,they come with a price and cannot be substituted with other goods. One of the features of pure private goods is that they are produced by private firms whose main aim is to make a profit. These private firms identify individuals’ private needs for example clothing and then they undertake intreprenuerial activities to satisfy them while at the same time earning profit. Private firms compete against each other in order to get a higher market share and consequently this results in high quality goods being produced. The second feature is that these goods are distributed in the market against a price.Access to these goods is not free but implies a cost called a price which the firms charge on consumers. The price is established by the free interplay of market forces,demand and supply. The market brings together producers and consumers who are both willing and able to buy the goods. Pure private goods are also financed out of private revenues. For the costs which the firms incur,they pay out of their private funds which are usually the proprietor’s capital and retained profits. When these are not sufficient,they can get some bank loans. These goods are also excludable.Only those indviduals who pay for them get to consume them. Those without income,with different tastes and preferences as well as those incompatible with some technical features of the products are denied the chance to consume them. Someone who cannot afford a car may opt for public transport or bicycles,and thus,he is excluded from using the good (car). They are also rivalrous. An increase in the units of goods consumed results in an increase in cost. An example is an increase in demand for bread,for a bakery to produce the additional loaves to meet demand,the costs of electricity,rent and labour will also increase.Pure public goods These are goods produced and distributed by state owned companies or public institutions whose scope is to provide goods and services in a way that is both accessible and affordable to all. They can be consumed by individuals or companies but do not lead to a reduction in the consumption volume of others for example street lighting. Pure public goods are produced directly by the government or private firms under lease. The state sees these as very important and should be provided to all so it remains the sole provider to ensure these are available to everyone at low and affordable prices.An example is justice which is soley provided by the government. At times it leases some private firms to provide some strategic services for example garbage collection. Unlike pure private goods,their provision is financed out of compulsory tax revenues. These come in different forms for example income tax and coperate tax which individuals and companies pay respectively. This income is then channelled towards the provision of pure public goods for example construction of public roads. However,the income collected this way may not be enough so the difference is paid out of the state budget.These goods are distributed through the public budget. The government identifies the public needs and makes priorities as to which ones can be satisfied first according to the ammount of resources at hand and the importance of certain goods to the public. For example,a leaking sewer pipe in a city maybe repaired first before constructing a new road since public health is more important. Pu re public goods are also non-excludable meaning that not any single member of the society can be denied the consumption of these goods for example police services. Because of this,they remain entirely in the hands of the government.Everyone benefits whether or not they make contributions through compulsory taxes and cannot deny these utilities. The degree of exclusion for these goods depends on the technical features and resources available to the producer. An example is the government failing to construct a road in a certain location due to inadequate construction resources. The consumption of these goods is non-rival,meaning that their costs do not increase due to an increase in the number of the consumers. This comes about since by nature,the products cannot be divided for example national defence.It is not possible to provide defence for a certain group of people and isolate the rest but instead,it is collectively enjoyed and the cost of providing defence does not increase due t o an increase in national population. Mixed (quasi public) goods Mixed goods are the halfway house between public and private goods. They are like private goods in that they are rivalrous and excludable but they provide significant non-rivalrous non-excludable external benefits for which preferences are not revealed by the market mechanism for example health,education and fire service.Individual ownership claims to these goods are minimal. A feature of mixed goods is that they are collectively enjoyed for example education. When a person is educated he receives a benefit from this, which is expressed in terms of higher earnings and improved job prospects. However, the community as a whole also benefits from the individual's education, in that his productivity is enhanced, which is good for everyone. Mixed goods are also produced by the government and or by private firms for example education.The government owns some educational institutions at low or zero costs while others are priv ate and profit making. The government provides the basic education to individuals and those who want to advance or to get superior services have to enrole into private institutions and they pay a higher price for the srevices. These goods are also distributed through the budget or market. For the part which the government is responsible for producing,it distributes them through the state budget by means of prioritising public needs and moderating the resources available.It also seeks to ensure that they are provided at affordable prices. Private companies also distribute goods according to their own private resources and they do this through the market. Mixed goods are also financed from sales’ revenues and other revenue generating activities. Private firms get their income from sales turnover and they use it to produce more goods and services. However,government parastatals may have lower revenues since their prices should be low and affordable to all unless if they privatis e or lease to private companies.

How does Stevenson present the conflict between good and evil in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’? Essay

‘Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ is a novella by Robert Louis Stevenson set in Victorian London and written in 1886. It can be said that Stevenson took ideas directly from his own experiences when creating the plot, as many aspects of the novella can be compared directly to his life. Stevenson grew up in Edinburgh, which had the same dramatic contrast between the rich and the poor sides as the London in which ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is set and it is clear that he was influenced by the things he saw when going about his every day life; the divide between wealth and poverty. The idea of the unhappily conflicted personality of Jekyll could easily be based upon himself; the young Stevenson aspired to become a writer but this profession was looked down on by society as writers were seen as leading immoral and hedonistic lifestyles. His parents certainly disapproved of his choice and wanted him to pursue a more respectable career. Stevenson decided to take a law degree, but did not stop writing, thereby creating for himself a double life. The genre of the book is gothic horror and could also be said to have elements of science fiction. One clear influence would be ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley, written in 1818. This, like ‘Jekyll and Hyde’, has themes of the worrying developments in science and compromising morality as well as controversial comments on society. Another source of inspiration is the 1859 book by Charles Darwin: ‘Origin of the Species’ in which Darwin looks in depth at the ideas of evolution. This book was particularly shocking since it suggested that all human beings were once animals, which were believed to not have souls. Such an outrageous statement clearly contradicted the views of the religious majority. The period in which ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ was written is important because of the rigid morals held by most people in Victorian England. There were clear divides between classes, where the rich and the poor were considered as almost complete different races. This meant that there was a great deal of hypocrisy; respected unmarried men were often encouraged to meet with prostitutes but the women themselves were considered as disgustingly immoral. People had prejudices against anybody who looked strange or different, strongly adhering to the idea of physiognomy; that a person’s personality could be defined by their appearance. This was also a time where many new breakthroughs were being made in science and people were beginning to worry about the moral side of what was being done, and fearing that scientists were attempting to concern themselves with divine matters. This meant that scientists were often not very well thought of. The main theme in ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is the divide of good and evil and the duality of mankind. This was particularly relevant in the society of the time as several characters were beginning to emerge that had appeared respectable members of society and turned out to be less than perfect. The most famous example of this is Jack the Ripper, who was believed to be a surgeon or at least have detailed anatomical knowledge. Other examples are Burke and Hare, two infamous men who sold stolen bodies and then victims that they themselves had murdered to be used in medical research. This was highly disturbing, particularly since their main client Dr Knox must have known that the bodies they were receiving did not come from moral sources. Another example in the society of the time was Deacon Brodie, a respected cabinet maker who was also a skilled burglar. ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ tells the story of wealthy doctor Henry Jekyll, whose ideas that a human being had both good and evil inside them led him to attempting to split up a person’s personality. His experiment worked, however not entirely as he would have wanted, as he had managed to create and physically transform into a personification of his own malignance who he dubbed ‘Edward Hyde.’ He soon discovered that the reckless lack of morals and fury of Hyde were highly addictive and he found himself going about under the guise of his other self and committing atrocities. Eventually he realised that he was being rapidly taken over by Hyde and was unable to give him up. He was also running out of the drug that enabled him to transform back into Jekyll, and he discovered to his horror that he could not recreate the original mixture. He wrote an account of what had happened to his friend, Gabriel Utterson, and then committed suicide to kill both himself and Hyde. The different elements of the plot fit together seamlessly, and at times this appears a little too coincidental such as a letter to Utterson being found upon the murdered Danvers Carew and Utterson so easily being able to find out that Jekyll and Hyde had such similar handwriting through his clerk Guest. Instead of using Jekyll as the storyteller, Stevenson uses an embedded narrative by having Utterson as the main narrator. This means that we see the story from the perspective of somebody who is not directly involved and therefore means that the reader does not see the full truth until the end when everything is explained from the viewpoint of the doctor Lanyon and then Jekyll himself. This adds realism to the story, as each narrator is a completely different character. For example, Lanyon’s description of events is much more factual and Jekyll’s uses intelligent metaphors and detailed imagery. The narrative is achronological, meaning that the story is not portrayed in chronological order. Rather, we experience the tale with Utterson first, and then are filled in on events that happened previously by Lanyon, and finally told all that had happened by Jekyll, starting from long before we were first introduced into the plot. This means that we are almost plunged into the n arrative ‘in media res’ as we start off from the middle of the story. While Lanyon and Jekyll give us clear first person accounts, Utterson is described in the third person, and this helps us to understand the flaws of his personality and therefore understand him more. It gives us a less biased perspective as we are enabled to make up our own opinions as well as learning Utterson’s views on what is happening. Stevenson wants us to trust Utterson as a person so that we will trust his judgment, giving him a dull and controlled personality so that his perceptions will appear more likely and lead us to making false conclusions so that the actual outcome of the tale is a complete shock to us as well as to Utterson. His narrative makes the story more believable than if we had been told everything directly by Jekyll and also builds up tension and mystery as the lawyer goes out of his way to piece together the trouble his friend is in as well as the profile of the elusive Mr. Hyde. The character that the whole novella is circled around is Dr Henry Jekyll, who is first presented to us as a wealthy man of good taste. A small doubt to his character is put forward as he is described as â€Å"something of a slyish cast perhaps† but then insisting that he was â€Å"every mark of capacity and kindness.† Since Utterson had already suggested to us that Jekyll is in some kind of trouble, we are more likely to feel sorry for him. This is further increased by Jekyll’s apparent terror when Utterson mentions Hyde. He therefore appears as a fairly weak person who is being manipulated by Hyde. We learn a lot more about him when we read his first person account. Jekyll’s flaws become more obvious and we realise that he is not as he originally appeared. His language shows us that he is extremely intelligent and insightful, and idealistic enough to believe that his reckless experiments could change mankind for the better. He does appear fairly weak in character, as he clearly enjoyed the new feelings that being Hyde allowed him. He says that he â€Å"felt younger, lighter, happier in body; within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current disordered sensual images running like a mill race in my fancy, a solution out of the bonds of obligation, and unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul.† Clearly, he found it refreshing to be able to take the body of a younger and fitter man, particularly one who was not governed by moral boundaries. He continued to take the potion even though he knew that his new self was purely evil until he could not stop, which shows that he was acting for himself now instead of continuing his research. He keeps himself free from guilt by not accepting any responsibility for Hyde’s crimes, insisting â€Å"it was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty.† Therefore, he completely disassociates his other half from himself. He appeared to feel remorse for the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, but then decided that it was wholly Hyde’s fault and all that he had to do was use this as an excuse for no longer becoming Hyde, which shows him to be a hypocrite. But he also becomes distanced from his original self, referring to Jekyll in the first person and seeing the visage of the doctor as just as much of a mask as becoming Hyde, talking about the two halves of himself as equals despite Hyde being completely malignant while Jekyll was a â€Å"composite.† This would mean that evil was the greatest force and he had inadvertently moved â€Å"toward the worse† as he feared after the first transformation. He actually considers staying as Hyde for the rest of his life when forced to make a choice, but decides that he prefers to be Jekyll, well-liked and a man of reputation. Despite being taken over almost entirely by Hyde, Jekyll still has the strength to end his own life and thereby killing Hyde. Jekyll speaks in a respectful manner when addressing others, but we do not really learn much about him before the first person account. Here, it is clear that he is a man of excellent schooling and with a wide imagination. His language is flowing and descriptive, using metaphors such as â€Å"the Babylonian finger on the wall† and analysing ideas in psychology that were beyond his time, in fact also beyond Stevenson’s. To the reader, Jekyll represents the average man. He is curious and ambitious, and often feels conflicted from the strains of his life. He is tempted by pleasure, and makes the wrong decisions due to this. Also, he appears as quite proud and egotistical, thinking that his clever tricks can keep him out of trouble and that he is completely safe. This leads him to his own downfall. Hyde is the physical embodiment of the evil element of mankind. He is utterly immoral and feels absolutely no regret for any of the dissolute crimes he commits, in fact he is delighted by them. For example when he kills Danvers Carew, he â€Å"mauled the unresisting body, tasting delight from every blow.† His appearance is very important as everybody who meets him instantly dislikes him although they do not quite know how. He is described as â€Å"pale and dwarfish; he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation.† Jekyll supposes that Hyde’s small stature is due to him only being a part of a whole; the personification of one aspect of Jekyll’s character. The immediate hatred he provokes when he comes into contacts with others shows how he has an aura of profligacy that can be sensed even when there is no reason to dislike him. For example, when Lanyon met him for the first time knowing nothing about him, he says that he too was filled with the same irrational hatred, telling Utterson that he was surprised by â€Å"the odd, subjective disturbance caused by his neighbourhood.† In fact, the only person not repulsed by Hyde is Jekyll himself, whose first response to his other half was â€Å"a leap of welcome,† although in time he grows to truly hate him. Hyde does not care about anybody, but he clearly cares about his own welfare as he takes measures to protect himself from capture after committing crimes, and is afraid of death. This is clear when Jekyll says that Hyde commits â€Å"temporary suicide† by returning to Jekyll’s body and safety. Hyde does not hate Jekyll in himself, but hates being imprisoned inside him and that Jekyll has the strength to cage him and destroy him. He cannot hurt Jekyll without hurting himself, so resorts to showing his loathing of Jekyll by playing childish spiteful tricks on him. Jekyll describes Hyde as â€Å"ape-like† and â€Å"troglodytic,† suggesting that he is not only inhuman but pre-human. This takes ideas from the theory of evolution by Darwin, and could mean that Hyde is a step back in evolution and therefore fuelled by natural instincts rather than carefully considered thought. His emotions are very extreme; he is filled with a mixture of rage, joy and fear. He tends to act on impulse by striking out when he is enraged without any thought of the consequences. This idea of Hyde being more of a beast than a human being also plays with the ideas of religious Victorians that animals did not have souls and would not go to heaven. Hyde converses with others with a cold sarcastic politeness, speaking courteously enough unless angered. He is not initially rude when forced into a conversation with Utterson, but may have recognised him as a friend of Jekyll who it would not be wise to draw attention from. His temper flares very easily, and he can do anything when this happens. He is in a furious mood when Jekyll lets him takes control again, and this leads to his attack on Danvers Carew. When he is caught in public without his potion, he strikes a woman in the face for attempting to talk with him, and is close to assaulting the driver of a cab taking him to safety. He uses sharp plosives such as â€Å"blasted by a prodigy† and using short sentences which gives the impression of faster and more violent speech. Gabriel Utterson is the first character introduced to the reader. He is described as being â€Å"slow in sentiment, lean, long, dusty, dreary, and yet somehow lovable,† which makes him sound to be a very uninteresting person but adds a positive adjective so that he isn’t perceived as having a bad personality. Stevenson introduces him first to add realism to the impossible plot and to get the reader to place their trust in him as a person, not just as a narrator. He is reserved and doesn’t like to get involved, proven when he said â€Å"I let my brother go to the devil his own way.† However, this original philosophy is reverted when he is told about Hyde and realises that his close friend Jekyll must be in trouble. Utterson ends up being the one most involved in Jekyll’s problems, actively seeking out Hyde and looking for answers. He does not like to gossip, and agrees with Enfield that speaking less about things is a good idea. Utterson appears to think that reputation is of great importance and he barely changes his stiff routine even during emergencies such as Carew’s death. Utterson appears to be well-liked and trustable in general, as both Jekyll and Lanyon regard him as a good friend and it is said that â€Å"hosts loved to detain the dry lawyer.† Utterson does not make friends easily, but â€Å"his affections, like ivy, were the growth of time;† he makes friends for life. This shows with how he worries about Jekyll. The effect Hyde has on such a boring man is remarkable, as Utterson is filled with fear and curiosity despite not having even met the man yet. He begins to suffer from lack of sleep as he ponders his friend’s predicament, picturing Hyde as some kind of demon with a terrible power over Jekyll. This shows that even though Utterson is not a very imaginative man, he is conjuring up images of this unknown monster which frighten him. He seems to be a brave man when searching for and then facing Hyde, especially as he begins to learn what the man is capable of, which proves him to be quite a selfless person when it comes to helping his friends despite what he had originally said about keeping out of other people’s business. Dr Hastie Lanyon is a mutual friend of Jekyll and Utterson, and his help is required by Hyde in order to transform back into Jekyll when he transforms in Regent’s Park without his potion. The shock of seeing the depraved Hyde physically becoming his friend Jekyll causes Lanyon to become very ill and he dies soon after. Lanyon is described as a â€Å"hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentle-man† the first time he is shown to the reader, but by the time of his death he had become â€Å"pale; his flesh had fallen away; he was visibly balder and older† which shows the effects of discovering Jekyll’s secret. Lanyon is a doctor of empirical science and clearly disapproves of Jekyll’s wild ideas. He claims that Jekyll â€Å"began to go wrong, wrong in mind† and calls his work â€Å"unscientific balderdash.† This implies that Jekyll had told Lanyon some of his ideas, and the disagreement over this had separated the two friends. Hyde taunts Lanyon about this when about to take the potion to turn back into Jekyll, saying â€Å"you have denied the virtue of transcendental medicine, you who have derided your superiors.† Despite Hyde playing on the rift between them, Jekyll still greatly respects Lanyon and apparently the reaction of his friend affected him a lot more than Carew’s murder. Just as Hyde represents evil in the story, Lanyon represents good. He is jovial, kind, and although he had a grudge against Jekyll due to the unusual experiments he is carrying out, it seems likely that he would in due course forgive him. He does still consider Jekyll his friend, despite often referring to him as insane and apparently not trusting him. The knowledge of exactly what his friend had become destroyed him completely, and he became too afraid to speak of it or even to sleep. He tells Utterson that he knows that he is dying and seems to have resigned himself to the fact, but says that he will â€Å"die incredulous† as the horrific scene he had witnessed defied all scientific logic that the sensible man could ever consider. He cannot cope with the impossible reality of what he has seen. Jekyll’s butler Poole is of a lower class than the other characters and consequently uses non-standard English. However, Stevenson contradicts the common assumption that common servants were ignorant and foolish by making Poole, although uneducated, a fairly clever character. Poole has picked up on the problems his master is having, and has begun to try and work out what is going on. He has realised that Hyde is in the house in Jekyll’s place, and attempts to argue his intuition against Utterson’s wistful logic, with Poole turning out to be right. Poole turns out to be a useful character, helping bring Utterson to discover the truth. Another critique of society’s views is the character Enfield, described as a â€Å"well-known man about town,† who is of upper class and yet appears to be not exactly perfect. Enfield tells Utterson that he was â€Å"coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock [in the morning],† casually implying that he was visiting somewhere unsuitable; a popular pastime that the wealthy glossed over. Stevenson uses a great deal of language techniques to put across the sinister tale of ‘Jekyll and Hyde.’ He starts the novel with a description of the narrator Utterson and his friend Enfield, using humour when he tells the reader about the apparent incompatibility between the men and how they insisted on going on walks that neither of them appeared to enjoy. This is effective because Enfield’s story is a good way to lead into the main tale, and we are thereby introduced to a few crucial elements of the story. For example, the back door which leads to Jekyll’s laboratory, although this isn’t revealed until later on. It appears to ruin the appearance of the street, a blemish on an aesthetically pleasing area, drawing in unsavoury characters such as the homeless and rowdy children. The whole idea of the two doors is a clever metaphor for the theme of good against evil, as Hyde could enter through the decrepit back of the house and emerge from the front as Jekyll. Stevenson employs many similar metaphors, such as the use of physiognomy to suggest Hyde’s malevolence and by describing Lanyon, making him sound a kind and cheerful man. Lanyon also has â€Å"a shock of hair prematurely white†, the colour white carrying with it connotations of purity and strengthening his character. Hyde’s visage is hidden by a mask when moving around Jekyll’s house, symbolising Jekyll’s longing to keep his devil hidden away. Another technique used is the image of angry citizens crowding around the cold, sneering Hyde, each one filled with â€Å"the desire to kill him;† Hyde’s unnatural air of evil turning the normally docile women into â€Å"harpies† that had to be held back lest they attack him. This works well as it opposes th e gender roles in society. One of the most effective tools Stevenson uses is the weather. The first instance of this is during Hyde’s first appearance; it takes place in early morning where everywhere is eerily quiet and dark. It is also night-time when Danvers Carew is killed, this time a full moon which often symbolises unearthly happenings, although the maid who had witnessed the murder contradicts this idea by saying that she had never felt more at peace with the world. When Utterson takes the policeman to Hyde’s house in Soho, it is â€Å"the first fog of the season,† relevant to the previous events since this was Hyde’s first murder and his character was becoming worse and worse in the eye of the reader. The idea of fog creates very vivid imagery, and could be taken as a metaphor for the shrouded truth about Hyde. The mist is broken in some places by sunlight, which could symbolise the hope still left that hasn’t yet been swallowed by darkness. This whole scene has been personified; the fog almost appearing like a creature battling with the wind that was aggressively attempting to drive it away. This scene is suitably supernatural; Utterson describes it as â€Å"a district of some city in a nightmare.† This pathetic fallacy is subverted when Jekyll is in Regent’s Park and transforms into Hyde; it was a blissful, sunny day with all the frost having melted away and â€Å"sweet with Spring odours.† This does not seem like a setting for any villainy, but this is where Hyde appears again, which shows that evil can now happen in beautiful places. The pace of the story depends upon who is telling it, but it is generally slow paced. However, this changes during scenes of action, which builds up tension. The sentences are complex during descriptions, often in a few parts with colons or semi-colons to break them up, but during faster scenes this changes into short sentences with alliteration and plosives and usually more dialogue. This builds the pace of the text and engages the reader. ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ has very universal themes of the good and evil elements of every human being, which means that it just as relevant today as it was when it was written, even if the points put across are less controversial. Stevenson deals with theories of subconscious thought, seen when Jekyll becomes Hyde in his sleep which would suggest that humans are more mentally conscious when asleep, an idea which still hasn’t been completely worked out today. This was very advanced as nobody had yet begun to develop these ideas, until 1901 when Freud published a thesis on the unconscious mind. It is clear in the story that Jekyll quickly grows to hate his creation, but is unable to give it up. This can easily be seen as analogous to modern addictions such as drugs and alcohol, which can seem wonderful in the beginning and then quickly take over your life as Hyde did until it seems impossible to stop. The same patterns can be traced between the feelings from substance abuse and Jekyll’s addiction to the feelings and emotions he felt being Hyde, which shows that this is still very relevant in today’s society. Like Jekyll, modern scientists are being criticized for their research, such as cloning and work into genetics. Some people argue that they are meddling with God’s work, and even those who are not religious may say that this kind of research is immoral and wrong, or that it could lead to problems like diseases if our whole natural system is changed artificially. Even if this does not happen, sometimes human beings can go too far with what they think is right. The thirst for success can often blind people to what they actually want to achieve, for example a scientist working on perfecting human cloning may be purely working for the glory of the discovery rather than improving the world by his findings. This is human arrogance, which was Jekyll’s weakness. I think that the message in Jekyll and Hyde is that although evil dwells naturally within everybody, it can be overcome and that we all have the strength to overcome it. Jekyll’s pride caused his inner demons to take on a life of their own in Hyde, and although it cost him his own life, Jekyll’s morals and conscience were the victor in the end. Stevenson was trying to put forward the idea that humans are not either good or evil, nor are we sane or insane, but we are all the same to being with, built up of different emotions, thoughts and feeling which can lead us one way or another depending on our upbringing, choices, experiences and actions. So although everybody has a potential for evil, they also have a potential for good, and power to overcome evil.

Family Therapy

Family Therapy The Bowenian therapy At first, it is possible to speak about the application of the Bowenian approach. This model is based on the assumption that a counselor should increase a client’s differentiation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, this individual should be able to distinguish his/her own identity from the identities other family members (Ziegler, 20005, p. 80). This concept can be relevant to Ellen who becomes vulnerable to stress because she associates herself too closely with the feelings and emotional problem of her relatives. However, this behavior eventually poses a threat to her emotional wellbeing and socialization. This form of therapy includes several techniques that can throw light on the origins of emotional problems faced the family of Grace Brown. First of all, a Bowenian therapist would construct a genogram of this family. It shou ld be based on information collected during the interviews. This chart should depict genealogical relations, communications patterns within a multigenerational family, or emotional alienation (Rasheed, 2010, p. 193). This method of analyzing information can give many valuable insights to a therapist. In particular, it can show that emotional alienation and suicidal ideations are the problems that affected several generations of this family.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, one can mention that Ellen’s grandmother made a suicide attempt. Moreover, her biological father Nick was more attached to his mother, rather than father. To some degree, this behavior is displayed by Ellen. Additionally, this technique is helpful for measuring the degree of differentiation or fusion within a family. While collecting and analyzing information, a Bowenian therapist shou ld understand Ellen’s emotional relations with other family members. In this case, one should speak about such a problem as emotional cutoff. The Bowenian therapy implies that very often people try to resolve their emotional conflicts with relatives by reducing or avoiding any contacts with these people (Goldberg, 1990, p. 293). This is one of the behavioral strategies that Ellen adopts when she distances herself from her stepfather, Henry. Yet, other family members also act in this way. In particular, one can mention Grace and her brother Ted. The main problem is that these individuals are not able to identify and resolve their tensions (Goldberg, 1990, p. 293). Overall, one can say that the collection and analysis of data can be regarded as critical components of the Bowenian therapy. Apart from, the Bowenian therapy includes such a technique as taking an â€Å"I† position. (Rasheed, 2010, p. 199). The main peculiarity of this intervention is that a therapist objecti vely expresses his/her opinions about the family without criticizing or supporting some family members. He/she does not get involved into the emotional conflict. For instance, a Bowenian therapist may argue that Ellen seeks a person who can play the role of a father. Yet, Nick does not call her often enough, while Henry is not willing to be an authority figure for this child.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why this child accepts the idea of suicide. The adoption of such a strategy can make a therapist unpopular among some family members (Rasheed, 2010, p. 199). However, this approach is useful for identifying the most urgent problems that should be addressed during therapy sessions. This intervention can be implemented at the time, when a therapist has collected and analyzed relevant information about the family. Moreover, a counselor should make sure that his /her arguments do not resemble an accusation. One can say that this intervention involves such a process as de-triangulation (Ziegler, 20005, p. 94). This means that people, who may have some disagreement, are encouraged to respond to each other’s concerns without asking a third person to act as a referee (Ziegler, 20005, p. 94). For example, Henry should suppose that Grace can always act as mediator between Ellen and him. Such an attitude is not compatible with effective parenting strategies. This is one of the issues that should be considered by a therapist. Furthermore, the practitioners of the Bowenian therapy lay stress on the importance of role playing. They encourage clients to act out various situations during which they experience emotional distress (Rasheed, 2010). This intervention can be relevant to the needs of these household. For, a counselor may prompt Grace and Henry to act the situations when they have to demonstrate their parenting skills. At this point, a therapist can modify some of the behaviors than they displays. In this way, a counselor can help this family develop more effective methods of conflict resolution. For instance, he/she should urge the relatives to communicate more with Ellen. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about Nick who does not call Ellen often enough.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He should keep in mind at this point, Ellen is too dependent on her mother, and it is difficult for her to live without the support of a father figure. This is one of the details that should be singled out because it can be useful for explaining her experiences. Thus, role playing can be an effective intervention. Apart from that, this model includes such techniques as letter and journal writing. It is possible to ask a client to write about his/her daily experiences (Rasheed, 2010, p. 199). The main advantage of this method is that a counselor can better evaluate a person’s reaction to therapy. For instance, it is possible to ask Ellen to write such a journal because in this way, a therapist can learn more about the attitudes of this child. Moreover, journaling can help Ellen formulate her major requirements for her relatives. Furthermore, journaling can benefit other people such as Grace who should also reflect on her experiences and interactions with close and distant rela tives. These are the main benefits of this intervention. Additionally, it is important to speak about such an activity as coaching. At this stage, a therapist should explain how clients may resolve their emotional conflicts. The main task of a counselor is to help clients anticipate possible challenges that they can encounter in the future (Rasheed, 2010). This intervention can also be applicable to the needs of this family. In particular, it is necessary to describe the parenting strategies that Grace and Henry should adopt while interacting with Ellen and her stepbrother Todd. Grace and Henry should demonstrate that they are equally attached to both children. Their failure to display this attachment can be underlying cause of her alienation and suicidal thoughts. On the whole, these people should place themselves in Ellen’s position. In this way, they can understand why their daughter remains distant from them and even her peers. Thus, a therapist should clearly communicate these ideas to the parents. This is one of the main goals that should be achieved by a counselor. Finally, it is possible to discuss the so-called Bowenian conference. At this stage, a therapist should encourage family members to express their concerns or opinions about the behavior of other family members. For example, Ellen may speak about the roles that Grace, Henry, and Nick should play. Secondly, Grace may air her views about her needs as a wife and a mother. It should be kept in mind that the recommendations or suggestions made during the Bowenian conference should not be regarded as imperatives. However, they can be viewed as a roadmap that family members can use in the future (Rasheed, 2010, p. 201). It should be kept in mind that the participants should not immediately express their agreements or disagreement with the opinions of others (Rasheed, 2010, p. 201). Instead, they need to think about the experiences of their relatives. At this point, a therapist should reduce th e risk of mutual accusations because they are not likely to benefit the participants. This is one of the limitations that should not be disregarded. Yet, one can say that this technique is critical for promoting empathy. These examples suggest that this form of therapy can benefit Ellen and other members of the family. It is possible to say that by using the principles of this model, a counselor can help them resolve various emotional problems. In particular, these people can become more autonomous. Moreover, various interventions can eliminate the risk of suicidal ideations. The main advantage of this model is that it can people identify and resolve conflicts, instead of avoiding them. This is why this approach can be considered by a counselor who works with this family. Narrative Therapy It is possible to apply other models of therapy. For instance, one can speak about such an approach as narrative family therapy. This approach is premised on the idea that there are no objective s tandards according to which reality should be evaluated. Instead, it is necessary to examine the subjective perceptions that are constructed through language (Bitter, 2010, p. 497). Moreover, a therapist should pay attention to way in which people portray themselves and others through their narratives. Therefore, it is critical to focus on the stories that Ellen, Grace, Nick, or Henry can provide. It is quite possible that they can offer different interpretations of the same events. Additionally, a therapist should pay attention to the way in which these people portray their close and distant relatives. These are the main aspects of this approach. Thus, one should discuss the specific techniques that be applied. A supporter of narrative therapy can implement several interventions. First, a counselor should try to externalize a certain problem (Gabbard, 2007, p. 750). In other words, he/she should emphasize the idea that certain difficulties or negative feelings should not be attribu ted to some in-born characteristics of a person (Gabbard, 2007, p. 750). This externalization means that a problem can be resolved or removed (Gabbard, 2007, p. 750). For instance, a therapist may show to Henry that Ellen is not an alienated and troubled girl. Instead, this professional should emphasize that she suffers from alienation and anxiety because she passes through a difficult period in her life. In this case, the use of different words can eventually change people’s attitudes towards one another. This is one of the points that can be made. To a great extent, this intervention is necessary to demonstrate that these suicidal ideations can be effectively addressed provided that parents improve their parenting strategies. Additionally, a therapist should pay attention to the way in which family members describe each other. For instance, from Henry’s perspective, Grace is often high-sprung. Instead, a counselor should urge Henry to remember she is just a person wh o can be affected by anxiety due to some reasons. She is extremely concerned about the wellbeing of her family, and these thoughts increase her nervousness. However, one should not suppose that she is always nervous. Additionally, it is vital to demonstrate to Ellen that she is not a bad person who has no reason to live. Instead, a therapist should emphasize that her depression is just the result of external problems; however, Ellen should not be overwhelmed by this feeling because it can prevent her from enjoying her life. This is the most important issues that should be addressed. On the whole, the externalization of a problem is important for changing the perceptions and attitudes of family members. It is the first step that each of the clients should take in order to reduce the impact of traumatic experiences on a person. This is one of the arguments that can be advanced. Furthermore, it is important to speak about such a technique as the deconstruction of a problem. In other wo rds, a therapist should encourage a client to explain the specific aspects of the problems that he/she experiences (Bitter, 2010, p. 497). It is much easier to view an emotional problem as a set of experiences that have certain causes. In this way, a therapist can demonstrate that the challenges faced by the family are more manageable (Bitter, 2010, p. 497). For example, both parents agree on the idea that Ellen is too dependent on her mother. However, the statement is too generalized because it does not describe the specific instances that explain her dependence. For instance, this girl may act in this way because she cannot rely on Henry’s support and encouragement. Additionally, her biological father does not talk to her on a regular basis. Thus, a counselor can encourage parents to discuss Ellen’s behavior in greater detail. Much attention should be paid to the emotional experiences of Ellen. It is vital to understand why this girl believes that she is not a good p erson. Such a view can produce disastrous effects on a person. In turn, a therapist should identify situations when such thoughts overwhelm her. This information is critical for reducing various risks. Furthermore, one should find out why she chose to write a suicide note. It is possible that in this way, she attempted to raise parents’ awareness about her problems. Yet, this is just a hypothesis that should be verified. Overall, by deconstructing Ellen’s experiences, a counselor may understand the origins of her behavior. So, this intervention is critical component of this therapy. Yet, a therapist should not force responses from clients. So, these are the main pitfalls that should be avoided because a counselor should make sure that he/she does not misinterprets the experiences of family members. Instead, this professional should prompt them to create their narratives freely. Moreover, a therapist should focus on the way in which family members can describe the most important events in the life of the family. In many cases, their accounts can differ significantly from one another (Bitter, 2010, p. 497). Therefore, a counselor should ask Grace, Henry, and Ellen to describe any disagreement that they could have. By examining their depictions of possible emotional conflicts, a therapist can understand the relations within a family. Moreover, a counselor may ask Ellen and Nick to describe their relations with one another. Nick should see that his daughter wants to communicate with him. The main benefit of this intervention is that it helps people to empathize with one another (Bitter, 2010, p. 497). They must see that the same event can be examined from various perspectives and it is difficult to find a single interpretation of any conflict. So, this technique is an important part of narrative therapy since family members gain a better idea about the attitudes and values of the close relatives. Moreover, in this way, they can identify the shortcomi ngs of their behavior. So, a therapist should help them to achieve this transformation during the therapy sessions. Additionally, a therapist should prompt clients to think about the positive events that produced a strong impression on them. Therefore, the main task is to attract people’s attention to those experiences that they find most enjoyable. For example, a therapist may ask Ellen whether she likes anything in Henry’s behavior. By acting in this way, one can make this girl less restraint and alienated from Henry. Furthermore, a counselor should prompt Ellen to speak about the most joyful moments in the life of her family. This approach is useful for promoting the positive attitudes of the child. At this stage, a counselor should assist a client in identifying the so-called unique outcomes or those events and feelings that contradict the depressing thoughts of an individual (Gabbard, 2007, p. 750). If one can cope with this task, it is possible to eliminate suici dal ideations. However, this goal can be effectively achieved provided that Grace and Henry adopt effective parenting strategies. So, they are primarily responsible for Ellen’s emotional well-being. This is the main point that they should keep in mind. Finally, a narrative therapy is aimed at constructing a positive story that can increase people’s attachment to one another. Very often, relatives are asked to create an idealized version of their family. Similar, Grace, Ellen, Henry and Todd may be encouraged to describe the expectations that they set for each other. Certainly, it is possible that clients may not necessary meet the expectations of each other. However, this positive narrative can remind these people of the things that they value most. Overall, the interventions which have been described can strengthen the internal cohesion of this family. Moreover, they can elaborate people’s skills that can be used to address various emotional conflicts. This dis cussion shows that the narrative family therapy can be a useful approach to various problems within a family. By examining the individual stories of family members, a counselor may better understand the nature of different emotional conflicts among close and distant relatives. Furthermore, this model is useful for describing and changing their perceptions of each other. The model can be applied if a therapist can interview each of the clients. Ethical considerations of the case and the chosen theories When working on this case, a therapist should take into account various ethical issues that should be addressed. One of them is related to the confidentiality of information that will be collected and recorded. For instance, one can mention the data about people’s mental problems, employment, drug abuse, family relations and so forth. Thus, a therapist must make sure that these records are not used by unauthorized third parties. This task is critical for safeguarding the rights of clients who put their trust in family counselors. So, this is one of the issues that should be addressed during the therapy. There is another ethical question that should be considered. The family, which has been described in this case study, faces a variety of problems, for example, conflicts between spouses, low self-esteem, and alienation of some people. However, one should concentrate primarily on Ellen’s suicidal ideations since this is the most imminent threat that should be lifted. Thus, a counselor should make sure that the life of this girl is not endangered, even if he/she can enter into a conflict with other family members such as Henry, Grace, or Nick. This is one of the details that can be identified. Apart from that, there is always a risk that children can be physically or sexually abused. Certainly, the probability of this event is not very high. Provided that a counselor sees the evidence of abuse, he/she should report this case to the police because the w ellbeing of a child is the top priority for this professional. Finally, it is important to obtain the informed consent of clients. These people should be informed about the main interventions or the way in which the information will be used. These ethical principles should guide the work of a therapist. To a great extent, these rules can always remain relevant, even though a counselor can choose different approaches. These are the main details that can be singled out. Additionally, it is important to examine the ethical peculiarities of the theories that have been examined in this paper. First of all, the Bowenian therapy lays stress on the impartiality of a counselor. The main problem is that an individual can involuntarily emphasize with some of the family members. This is one of the ethical challenges that a person should be aware of, if he/she chooses the Bowenian therapy. By taking the so-called â€Å"I† position, a therapist can increase his/her impartiality. Without th is objectivity, an individual cannot provide valuable recommendations to the family members. Apart from that, a counselor should remember that clients may not necessarily agree with one another, even at the end of the therapy. Some of these people may still believe that their needs are overlooked by their relatives. This is why these professional must not guarantee that clients will achieve complete reconciliation. Such a promise may not be always fulfilled. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. Furthermore, the supporters of the Bowenian approach should end the therapy sessions provided that he/she is not allowed to obtain relevant information about the family. One should bear in mind that data collection is a vital element of the Bowenian therapy. At the very beginning, a counselor should construct a genogram that is essential for identifying the most important problem. A continuation of the therapy without accurate and relevant data can be viewed as a violation of the ethical principles. To a great extent, this behavior can be compared to negligence. This is one of the details that should be singled out since it is important for understanding the strategies of a Bowenian therapist. Moreover, it is important to discuss the ethical issues related to the narrative therapy. To some degree, this method is aimed at raising a person’s self-esteem. This individual should not believe that he/she has some serious flaws that cannot be removed or minimized. This is one of the main objectives that should be attained. Nevertheless, a therapist should make sure that a client is able to avoid wishful thinking or even delusions of grandeur. In the course of the family therapy, people should construct collective stories that they can share. However, these stories must not involve deception. A counselor should keep in mind that this worldview can result in dire consequences for a client, especially when he/she sees that the objective reality significant ly contradicts his perceptions of oneself. This is why this issue should not be disregarded. Furthermore, a therapist interprets the narratives offered by clients. Therefore, this professional should reduce the risks of prejudices and stereotypes because they can profoundly influence the attitudes and behavior of a client. This is one of the main pitfalls that should be avoided during the sessions. These examples show that a counselor should consider the peculiarities of a certain theory in order to ensure that the interests of clients are not endangered. These are the main points that can be made. Appendix Reference List Bitter, J. (2010).Theory and Practice of Family Therapy and Counseling. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Gabbard, G. (2007). Gabbards Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. New York, NY: American Psychiatric Publications. Goldberg, J. (1990). The Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients. New York, NY: Transaction Publishers. Rasheed, M. (2010). Family Therapy: Models and Techniques. New York, NY: SAGE. Ziegler, S. (2005). Theory-Directed Nursing Practice: Second Edition. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

I vs. Me

I vs. Me I vs. Me I vs. Me By Maeve Maddox Some personal pronouns have two forms, one that is used as the subject of a verb and one that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they My sister and I live in Texas. We raise chickens. (subject forms) Jack and she moved to Paris. They love it there. (subject forms) Object forms: me, him, her, us, them Mary gave me your address. (indirect object of a verb) The neighbors invited my wife and me to dinner. (object of a verb) We met him at the movies. We met her there too. We like them. (objects of a verbs) Jack writes to him every day. We went with them. (objects of prepositions) Presumably, these distinctions are taught to children in school. Supposedly, teachers and other school personnel model this usage to the students. Yet this is what we hear all around us: â€Å"Me and my friends went to Miami.† â€Å"The Governor invited my wife and I to dinner.† Those of us who know and care that I is a subject word and me is an object word react to such usage with feelings–if not cries–of outrage, but they continue. Actors portraying psychologists, FBI agents, and medical examiners declare, â€Å"Me and my colleagues interviewed the suspect.† â€Å"Him and his girlfriend were seen on the balcony.† â€Å"Make a reservation for Megan and I.† Don’t the actors know better even if the scriptwriters are semi-literate? The answer may well be that both actors and scriptwriters â€Å"know better,† but don’t care. They may desire to speak in a nonstandard way to show their freedom from what they regard as stuffy rule-following convention. On the other hand, they may not â€Å"know better.† They may genuinely believe that it’s correct to use Me as a subject and I as an object in a compound, even though they would never use them that way when the subject or object is not a compound. With grammatical constructions–as with Big Lies–if we hear them often enough, they will eventually â€Å"sound right.† Language changes inexorably from generation to generation. Pronouns alter more slowly than any other part of speech, but they do change. English once had three pronoun numbers: singular, dual, and plural. We lost the dual form early on. The singular second person pronoun thou and its forms thee, thy and thine dropped out of popular speech in the 16th century. (The Quakers retained some of the usage.) The second person plural went through some changes before settling on you for both singular and plural. Before you won as the all-purpose second person pronoun, ye was the subject form and you was the object form. The distinction was still being observed in the KJV translation of the Bible, but in popular speech, ye and you were becoming muddled: No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 1611 translation of Job 12:2 A southwest wind blow on ye And blister you all over! Shakespeare’s The Tempest, c.1611. As painful as the thought is to those of us who care, the mix-up of me and I in compound subjects and objects may become the norm. What do you think? Is there any way to reverse the trend? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Cannot or Can Not?Sentence Adverbs

Mind-Body Connection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mind-Body Connection - Essay Example It is also not clear how compatible these inter-relations are, if any, and how complete are in the physical world. Descriptions given by formative degree and mid-nature connections are analogous. The operational principle of mind-body connection receives rations internally. Therefore, this connection strongly depends on spirit and mental effects. To begin with, there are vital things that influence connection between people’s minds and bodies. The inter-relation may result in negative or positive response within our bodies. Proponents believe that, people’s bodies do not just respond boldly but there is an internal play connecting mind with the rest of the body. In addition to that, our physical manifestation takes place due to our thoughts and emotions (Hall, 2011). For instance, a joyous memory or emotion may make people feel lighter and relaxed. On the other hand, an upsetting moment may cause a heart to race or make someone feel clammy. The body does not think but f eels. Therefore, it is clear that actions occur when mind and body inter-connect. Furthermore, some scientists claim that there is no any connection between mind and body where else others use some facts to explain the connection. Some say that personal growth is the key to mind and body connection since it raises people’s awareness and consciousness as well (Sha, 2006). When people free and expand their minds, they condition beliefs and behavior hence what enters one’s mind contributes to some degree of body reaction. There is a way in which mind shifts. In this case, people rethink how they live and start revolving around suggestions that discovered the conduit between people’s physical and mental status. Even though it seems so odd, it is true that all boundaries and divisions matters of our actions are simply a construct of our thoughts. Those who do not see the relationship between mind and body believe that there is nothing separate in the world of quantum . Moreover, those defying the presence of mind-body connection put across that, following emerging science assumptions the word connection loses its bases without the word separation. It is through utilization of language that people get informed thus creating too much awareness about reality. However, traditional medicine specialists view both mind and body as a dualistic dichotomy. They consider mind and body as simply wholesome aspects but differing (Klein, 2007). Scientific research reveals that, the idea of critical role played by our minds and emotions is a fundamental premise within interrogative medicine. Ancient healing procedures incorporated mind and body connection to heal. In order to achieve good health there should be balanced state of mind, body, and environment. Humans’ body undergoes situations that trigger emotional stress. For example, some situations like loss of a loved through death, separating from a loved one, getting laid-off from work and even movin g to a new house may be extreme thus causing anxiety or stress. However, people overcome them by use of fight-to-fight response. In such a situation, the mind links with the body and the latter secretes a hormone called catecholamine. Examples of catecholamine are no epinephrine and epinephrine. In entering the body’s bloodstream these hormones either increases breathing rate or quickens heart hence putting someone in position to deal with the current situation such as fear. Generally, how the mind and body inter-connect is amusing.

A critical perspective on branding, concerned with issues in practical Essay

A critical perspective on branding, concerned with issues in practical application of branding practices - Essay Example Lury (2004) also adds that employees form a core part of brand promotion in any company; large businesses use employees as mediums to promote their brands not only to external potential customers but also to the existing and potential internal customers. A reflective analysis on the impact of branding on employees and organizations has been undertaken in the present context. Working with a large and influential brand is usually regarded as an example of prestige and privilege. One such brand is the HSBC bank that will be studied for its efforts to enhance brand image in this analysis. Drawing points from Dr. Brannan’s teachings from the theme titled, ‘Branding: Being 'you' inside and outside the organisation,’ likeliness of impact of branding on employees will be assessed against literature propositions. This analysis will specifically focus on Warhurst and Nickson’s (2009) perspective of employees’ position in branding efforts, which is a mere objec t of brand personification in order to please customers and stakeholders. In this process, an attempt will be made to understand how branding impacts employees’ place and meaning in organizations by relating to personal experiences. Important findings from literature will be evaluated along with identification of some critical reviews of management specialists. These evaluations will be helpful in explaining practical positions held by individuals in organizations with respect to brand promotions based on personal experiences. Important conclusions will be subsequently highlighted. 2. Working at HSBC: About HSBC: HSBC Bank is multinational bank setup in more than 80 countries and has over 7200 offices with more than 287,000 employees. HSBC bank provides the widest range of financial services to over 89 million customers across the globe. Its services are in retail banking, personal financial services, commercial banking and markets, and global private banking (HSBC history, n .d). Working as a back-office executive at HSBC bank is perceived as a prestigious position owing to its brand value besides its size and strength. This brand is considered as one of the greatest success stories in modern marketing, according to the bank’s website. HSBC was ranked number one financial services in 2011 in one of the surveys and its brand value is estimated to be worth $ 27.1 (Advertising, 2012). The HSBC brand: Globally, all HSBC offices and businesses follow certain common practices, which, they believe, reinforce their brand. One such practice that reinforces brand image and corporate reputation through certain regulations is its ‘core standards of behaviour,’ based on integrity, trust and excellent customer service; these standards facilitate building HSBC’s reputation, keeping different units united, in making them unique and earning them the competitive edge in the market. These core standards define certain behavioural components for all employees towards active listening, understanding, freedom to deliver, integrity, straightforwardness, forward thinking, and teamwork (Employee Handbook, 2008). Like many other far-fledged businesses and corporate sector firms, HSBC’s brand image is emphasized in almost every aspect that is visible to its internal and external customers. Its brand image also reflects in its choice of aesthetics in terms of interiors, logo design and color as well as in its rules for employee etiquettes. For instance, its slogan, ‘The World’s Local Bank,’ actually depicts HSBC’s mission of making its presence felt in every country and region by offering diverse and customized